describe in detail

Principle of Ultrasonic Cleaning
There are tiny vacuum bubbles inside the liquid that are invisible to the naked eye. When a liquid is subjected to high-frequency vibration of ultrasound, it will generate negative pressure on the liquid.
Vacuum bubble growth stage: When the vacuum bubble is under strong negative pressure, a "tearing force" will be generated, and the vacuum bubble will continue to expand.
Compression and implosion stage: After entering the positive pressure stage, the vacuum bubble will implode when compressed to its limit, generating shock waves (thousands of atmospheres of pressure) that collide with the surface of the workpiece and generate eddy currents, like countless small brushes scrubbing the workpiece in all directions. That is to say, the process of cavitation effect that we often refer to.
Note: "Negative pressure" is not a concept of vacuum. For positive pressure, the direction is opposite, referring to the "tearing force" generated in the liquid, which promotes the formation of vacuum bubbles.