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Super Snow Characteristics Analysis System
This system integrates Campbell's CS725 snow water equivalent sensor, Sommer's Snow Pack Analyzing System (SPA), and SSG-2 snow pillow system. The CS7
Product details

system function


This system integratesCampbell's CS725 snow water equivalent sensor, Sommer's Snow Pack Analyzing System (SPA), and SSG-2 snow pillow system.

The CS725 snow water equivalent sensor calculates snow water equivalent (SWE) by measuring the amount of gamma rays released by the ground absorbed by the snow layer (snow being absorbed). The amount of gamma rays naturally emitted from the ground depends on the water content of the medium between the radiation source (i.e. the ground) and the detector (i.e. CS725). The measurement area of CS725 can reach 50-100 square meters, making it an excellent instrument that can replace traditional snow pillow measurement or snow ruler measurement of snow water equivalent. CS725 requires a power supply of 12VDC and can be easily connected to the CSI data collector. In addition, it can also be combined with the wireless communication function of the data collector to achieve real-time transmission of remote site data.

SPA and SSG-2, as contact measurement devices for snow water equivalent, can serve as a supplement and mutual verification for the CS725 system.

The super snow characteristic analysis system can be used to continuously monitor snow depth, snow density, snow water equivalent, moisture content, ice content, etc

working principle

The CS725 snow water equivalent sensor calculates snow water equivalent (SWE) by measuring the amount of gamma rays released by the ground absorbed by the snow layer (snow being absorbed). The amount of gamma rays naturally emitted from the ground depends on the water content of the medium between the radiation source (i.e. the ground) and the detector (i.e. CS725).

Deep snow

The principle of measuring sensors is to calculate the snow depth between the sensor and the snow surface through the transmission time of ultrasonic waves. The impact of temperature on measurement is addressed through automatic temperature compensation.

SPA is suitable for long-term in-situ observation, and it may have strict requirements for installation sites and requirements. The shape of the sensor is flat and linear. By measuring the dielectric constants of ice, water, and air in the snow layer, the snow water equivalent, average snow density, and liquid water content can be obtained. The theoretical basis is that the dielectric constants of snow, water, and air are different at high frequencies (10KHz or higher)

Measurement of dielectric constant

Snow consists of three parts: ice, water, and air. Different contents will have different measurement effects, and these different substances have different dielectric constants. Using a flat strip sensor(SPA sensor) and use at least two frequency bands to eliminate the effects caused by individual substances.

Liquid water content, ice content, snow density, and snow water equivalent

In snow, the specific volume is equivalent to the content of liquid water and ice. Based on this information, we can calculate the density of snow. Based on the comprehensive snow density and snow depth, we can define the snow water equivalent.

systemcharacteristic

Will not cause the melting of light snow (compared to the observation method of snow pillows)

Greatly reduce the stringent requirements for site selection

Not affected by snow bridges

No site construction requirements

Larger measurement area (compared to other measurement methods)5-10 times)

No fence requirement, maintenance free

Will not cause snow drift

No need for antifreeze or chemical agents (such as ethylene glycol) to assist

Application Cases

1) Ecological Monitoring of Qinghai Lake Surrounding Qinghai Normal University

2) Institute of Cold and Dry Regions, Chinese Academy of Sciences

reference

1. Zhang Wei, Shen Yongping, He Jianqiao, He Bin, Nurlan Hazezi, Xue Jiao, Wang Guoya "Observation and analysis of snow characteristics in different underlying areas during the snowmelt period in the Altay Mount Taishan Mountains." Glacier Frozen Soil, Issue 03, 2014

2. Zhang Bo; Liu Zhihui; Wang Hui; Fang Shifeng;; Analysis of snowmelt water infiltration and simulation of infiltration rate during snowmelt period [J]; Anhui Agricultural Science; Issue 24, 2013

3. Tian Hua; Yang Xiaodan; Zhang Guoping; Zhao Lina;;Analysis of Meteorological Causes of Snowmelt Floods in Xinjiang in Mid March 2009[A]; Proceedings of the 2010 Academic Annual Meeting of the Chinese Water Conservancy Society (Volume 1) [C]; 2010

4. Choi G, Robinson D, Kang S.Changing northern hemisphere snow seasons[J]. Journal of Climate, 2010, 23(19): 5 305-5 310.

5. [Wang Jian, Li Shuo. The impact of climate change on snowmelt runoff in mountainous areas of inland arid regions in China]. Chinese Science: Volume D, 2005, 35 (7): 664-670

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