system function

SF-G probe type stem flow sensoryesAn instrument used to continuously measure the flow rate of stems in tree trunks.

working principle

Insert two probes into the trunk and heat the upper probe with constant energy. The temperature difference between the upper and lower probes reflects the stem flow rate in the trunk, which can be converted into stem flow rate using an empirical formula.

System features

Suitable for diameters greater thanA 2cm tree trunk;

The sensor can be reused.

Disadvantages:

Longitudinal temperature variation of tree trunk（The superposition of ± 2.5 ℃ and measurement results may result in measurement errors exceeding 100%;

Unable to measure nighttime liquid flow. The artificial assumption of nighttime liquid flow is zero.

Application Cases

（1) Institute of Water and Soil Conservation, Ministry of Water Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences (photos required)

（2) For international application cases and selected references, please refer to: https://ecomatik.de/en/ref-pub/

reference

1. The effect of different irrigation quotas on stem flow rate of walnut trees under drip irrigation conditions - "Water saving Irrigation", Issue 12, 2015 | Zhao Fuyong, Zhao Jinghua, Fu Qiuping, Hong Ming, Ma Yingjie, School of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830052, China

2. "China Rural Water Resources and Hydropower", March 2017, Study on the Changes in Stem Flow and Photosynthesis of Drip Irrigation Walnut Trees Zhao Fuyong, Zhao Jinghua, Ma Yingjie, Hong Ming, Fu Qiuping, School of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang

3. Yuan Yuliang; Research on the Observation Method of Plant Water Physiological Regulation Based on Stem Diameter and Stem Flow Composite Measurement [D]; China Agricultural University; 2015

4. Wang Hailan; Research on Testing Technology and Monitoring System for Water Content of Trees [D]; Beijing Forestry University; 2011

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2.Duberstein, J. A., K. W. Krauss, et al. (2013). "Do Hummocks Provide a Physiological Advantage to Even the Most Flood Tolerant of Tidal Freshwater Trees?" Wetlands: 1-10.

3.Ferro, A. M., T. Adham, et al. (2013). "Performance of deep-rooted phreatophytic trees at a site containing total petroleum hydrocarbons." International Journal of Phytoremediation 15(3): 232-244.

4.Juzwik, J., J.-H. Park, et al. (2013). Biotic agents responsible for rapid crown decline and mortality of hickory in northeastern and north central USA. Proceedings of the 18th Central Hardwoods Forest Conference GTR-NRS-P.

5.Park, J.-H., J. Juzwik, et al. (2013). "Multiple Ceratocystis smalleyi infections associated with reduced stem water transport in bitternut hickory." Phytopathology 103(6): 565-574.

6.Pinto Jr, O. B., G. L. Vourlitis, et al. (2013). "Transpiration by the heat dissipation probe method in transition Amazon-Savannah forest." Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agr ícola e Ambiental 17(3): 268-274.

7.Sullivan, P. L., V. Engel, et al. (2013). "The influence of vegetation on the hydrodynamics and geomorphology of a tree island in Everglades National Park (Florida, United States)." Ecohydrology.

8.Zhang, Y., Y. Shen, et al. (2013). "Characteristics of the water–energy–carbon fluxes of irrigated pear ( Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd ) orchards in the North China Plain." Agricultural Water Management 128: 140-148.

9.Zhou, Y., J. Wenninger, et al. (2013). "Groundwater–surface water interactions, vegetation dependencies and implications for water resources management in the semi-arid Hailiutu River catchment, China–a synthesis." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 17(7): 2435-2447.

10. Zhao Xiaowei, Zhao Ping, The seasonal dynamics of nighttime water replenishment in the trunk of Schisandra chinensis and its relationship with tree characteristics and leaf biomass Journal of Plant Ecology 37 (3): 239-247